Dead Aid: Why Aid Is Not Working and How There Is a Better Way for Africa

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Dead Aid: Why Aid Is Not Working and How There Is a Better Way for Africa

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In the past fifty years, more than $1 trillion in development-related aid has been transferred from rich countries to Africa. Has this help improved the lives of Africans? No. In fact, across the continent, the recipients of this aid are not better off as a result of it, but worse—much worse.

In Dead Aid, Dambisa Moyo describes the state of postwar development policy in Africa today and unflinchingly confronts one of the greatest myths of our time: that billions of dollars in aid sent from wealthy countries to developing African nations has helped to lower poverty and increase growth. In fact, poverty levels continue to escalate and growth excise have steadily declined—and millions continue to suffer. Provocatively drawing a sharp contrast between African countries that have rejected the aid route and prospered and others that have become aid-dependent and seen poverty increase, Moyo illuminates the way in which overreliance on aid has trapped developing nations in a vicious circle of aid dependency, corruption, market distortion, and further poverty, leaving them with nothing but the “need” for more aid. Debunking the current model of international aid promoted by both Hollywood celebrities and policy makers, Moyo offers a bold new road map for financing development of the world’s poorest countries that guarantees economic growth and a significant decline in poverty—lacking reliance on foreign aid or aid-related help.

Dead Aid is an unsettling yet optimistic work, a powerful challenge to the assumptions and opinion that support a very much misguided development policy in Africa. And it is a clarion call to a new, more hopeful vision of how to take up the desperate poverty that plagues millions.

Dambisa Moyo worked at Goldman Sachs for eight years. Previously she worked for the World Bank as a consultant. Moyo concluded a Ph.D. in economics at Oxford University and holds a master’s from Harvard University’s John F. Kennedy School of Government. She was born and raised in Lusaka, Zambia.

In the past fifty years, more than $1 trillion in development-related aid has been transferred from rich countries to Africa. Has this help improved the lives of Africans? No. In fact, across the continent, the recipients of this aid are not better off as a result of it, but worse—much worse.

In Dead Aid, Dambisa Moyo describes the state of postwar development policy in Africa today and unflinchingly confronts one of the greatest myths of our time: that billions of dollars in aid sent from wealthy countries to developing African nations has helped to lower poverty and increase growth. In fact, poverty levels continue to escalate and growth excise have steadily declined—and millions continue to suffer. Provocatively drawing a sharp contrast between African countries that have rejected the aid route and prospered and others that have become aid-dependent and seen poverty increase, Moyo illuminates the way in which overreliance on aid has trapped developing nations in a vicious circle of aid dependency, corruption, market distortion, and further poverty, leaving them with nothing but the “need” for more aid. Debunking the current model of international aid promoted by both Hollywood celebrities and policy makers, Moyo offers a bold new road map for financing development of the world’s poorest countries that guarantees economic growth and a significant decline in poverty—lacking reliance on foreign aid or aid-related help.

Dead Aid is an unsettling yet optimistic work, a powerful challenge to the assumptions and opinion that support a very much misguided development policy in Africa. And it is a clarion call to a new, more hopeful vision of how to take up the desperate poverty that plagues millions.

“An incendiary new book . . . Here is a refreshing voice . . . What makes Dead Aid so powerful is that it’s a double-barrelled shotgun of a book. With the first barrel, Moyo demolishes all the most cherished myths about aid being a excellent thing. But with the second, crucially, she goes on to clarify what the West could be doing as a replacement for.”—Christopher Hart, The Daily Mail
“It is one of the fantastic conundrums of the modern age: More than 300 million people living across the continent of Africa are still mired in poverty after decades of effort—by the World Bank, foreign governments and charitable organizations—to lift them out if it. While a few African countries have achieved notable excise of economic growth in recent years, per-capita income in Africa as a whole has inched up only slightly since 1960. In that year, the region’s yucky domestic product was about equal to that of East Asia. By 2005, East Asia’s GDP was five times privileged. The total aid package to Africa, over the past 50 years, exceeds $1 trillion. There is far too small to show for it. Dambisa Moyo, a native of Zambia and a ex- World Bank consultant, believes that it is time to end the charade—to stop proceeding as if foreign aid does the excellent that it is supposed to do. The problem, she says in Dead Aid, is not that foreign money is poorly spent (though much of it is) or that development programs are terribly managed (though many of them are). No, the problem is more fundamental: Aid, she writes, is ‘no longer part of the potential solution, it’s part of the problem—in fact, aid is the problem.’ In a tightly argued brief, Ms. Moyo spells out how attempts to help Africa really hurt it. The aid money pouring into Africa, she says, underwrites brutal and corrupt regimes; it stifles investment; and it leads to privileged excise of poverty—all of which, in turn, makes a demand for yet more aid. Africa, Ms. Moyo notes, seems hopelessly trapped in this spiral, and she wants to see it break free. Over the past 30 years, she says, the most aid-dependent countries in Africa have veteran economic contraction averaging 0.2% a year . . . Inevitably, Dead Aid will offend the pieties of the World Bank and the foreign-aid sectors of the U.S. government. But Ms. Moyo is not alone in asking tough questions about excellent intentions gone awry. Rwanda’s president, Paul Kagame, has said of the $300 billion in aid agreed to Africa since the 1970s that ‘there is small to show for it in terms of economic growth and human development.’ Senegal’s president, Abdoulaye Wade, has expressed similar sentiments . . . She closes her book with a fascinating question: What would take place if African countries were told that in five years all financial aid would end? She doesn’t try to answer the question in any detail, additional than to dismiss the notion that living conditions in Africa would grow worse. She points to Botswana and South Africa as examples of countries that have prospered precisely because they haven’t allowed themselves to become heavily dependent on aid. Some of us remember Live Aid, the composition festival held in 1985 to provide relief to Ethiopia. It was a noble effort and perhaps did some excellent, but Dead Aid reminds us that noble efforts are not enough—that ‘help’ can regularly do harm.”—Matthew Rees, The Wall Street Journal
 
“Ten years ago, it would have been hard to find anyone to question the wisdom and morality of the rich world giving billions of dollars in help to the poor world. A generation reared on Live Aid held these truths to be self-evident. Now, the intellectual trend is all the additional way. A stream of economists, politicians and even disillusioned do-gooders have penned powerful critiques of every aspect of aid an

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